Potatoes can be included in the diet of people with diabetes once key nutritional criteria are met.
This is according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA).
The total amount of carbohydrate consumed at any given meal or snack is what is most important, the association said.
The concern regarding potatoes and diabetes stems largely from the type of carbohydrate found in potatoes – starch.
This is a complex carbohydrate that is not only found in potatoes but also in bread, pasta, peas, and corn.
Glycemic response
Starch tends to be digested and absorbed rapidly, which can lead to a sharp increase in blood glucose levels, an effect known as a high glycemic response.
For people with Type 2 diabetes, a food eliciting a high glycemic response can be problematic because they do not efficiently and effectively clear glucose from the blood.
Chronically high levels of blood glucose can cause great damage to body tissues and systems.
However, it is important to note that the type of carbohydrate is only one dietary factor that can affect blood glucose levels.
The total amount of carbohydrate consumed at a given meal (referred to as the glycemic load) also impacts blood glucose levels, often to a much greater degree than the type of carbohydrate.
Thus, people with Type 2 diabetes should focus on carbohydrate portion size when planning, creating, and consuming meals.
A recently published ADA report confirmed that the effect of potatoes on an individual’s blood glucose level is highly variable and depends on a number of factors.
These include: processing and preparation; variety; origin; maturation; and what other foods they are consumed with.
For example, potatoes that have been cooked and cooled elicit a low glycemic response.
Similarly, consuming warm potatoes with other foods, particularly those higher in fat and protein, will lower the glycemic response.
As a consequence, the ADA encourages both children and adults with diabetes to focus on carbohydrates from vegetables, legumes, fruits, dairy, and whole grains while reducing their intake of refined carbohydrates and added sugars.
Meanwhile, potatoes also provide a range of essential nutrients including potassium and Vitamin C.
Irish consumption
Bord Bia research shows a resurgence in Irish potato consumption driven by social media trends, such as loaded jacket potatoes and air-fried dishes, targeting younger consumers.
Potatoes remain Ireland’s favourite vegetable with over 97% penetration and weekly consumption.
The Irish retail potato market is valued at around €219 million with volumes and unit prices increasing over recent years.